Minimum-lap-time optimisation and simulation

The paper begins with a survey of advances in state-of-the-art minimum-time simulation for road vehicles. techniques covered include both quasi-steady-state and transient vehicle models, which are combined trajectories that either pre-assigned or free to be optimised. fundamentals nonlinear optimal control summarised. These the basis most vehicular methodologies solution procedures reported literature. key features three-dimensional modelling, positioning modelling also summarised focus on recent developments. Both cars motorcycles considered.